The Earth's average surface temperature has risen significantly over the past century, making climate change one of the most urgent global issues today. While climate changes can occur naturally due to factors like solar activity or volcanic eruptions, human activities have been the primary driver since the 1800s, leading to a dramatic increase in greenhouse gas emissions. These gases trap heat and contribute to global warming. The main culprit is the burning of fossil fuels. This includes generating electricity, heating, industrial processes, and vehicle emissions, all of which are major sources of CO2. Industrial activities, such as cement and steel production, also release significant amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Deforestation and agricultural expansion are also major contributors. Clearing forests for farming, logging, and urban development reduces the number of trees that absorb CO2 and releases stored carbon into the atmosphere. Converting forests and wetlands into farmland increases emi ssions and reduces the land's ability to sequester carbon. Agricultural activities themselves can be damaging. Livestock digestion produces methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, while manure management and rice paddies add to these emissions. The use of synthetic fertilizers releases nitrous oxide (N2O), another powerful greenhouse gas. Although natural factors like volcanic eruptions and changes in solar radiation do play a role, their impact is minor compared to human activities. For instance, while volcanoes release CO2 and other gases, their emissions are relatively small compared to those from burning fossil fuels. Similarly, changes in solar radiation have less impact on recent climate trends than human activities. As ice melts, the Earth's surface becomes less reflective, absorbing more solar energy and accelerating warming. Thawing permafrost releases trapped methane and CO2, which further boosts global temperatures. The effects of climate change are widespread. It impacts health, food productio n, housing, safety, and jobs. Vulnerable populations, especially in small island nations and developing countries, are hit hardest. Rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion have already forced communities to relocate, and prolonged droughts are increasing the risk of famine. In the future, more people are expected to be displaced by extreme weather events. According to NOAA's 2023 Global Climate Report, every month of 2023 was among the seven warmest ever recorded for that month. The second half of the year (June to December) saw the hottest months on record, with July, August, and September each more than 1.0°C (1.8°F) above the average - marking the first time any month has reached this level. Addressing climate change requires substantial financial investment from both governments and businesses. However, failing to act will be even more costly. A crucial step is for wealthy countries to honor their commitment to providing $100 billion annually to developing countries to help them adapt and move towards greener economies. Elnur Soltanov, Deputy Minister of Energy and COP29 CEO, highlighted that COP29 will focus on increasing this $100 billion fund, which is vital for global climate action. He also noted that Article 6, which deals with carbon markets, is key. It aims to create a system where greenhouse gas reductions in one country can be traded to benefit others, encouraging global cooperation and financial incentives. COP29, scheduled to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in November, will be a pivotal event in shaping the next phase of global climate action. The outcomes of this conference will influence how the international community tackles climate change, aiming to boost collaboration, raise ambition, and ensure equitable and effective action. Soltanov expressed optimism about COP29's potential outcomes, emphasizing that measurable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions will be the ultimate measure of success. He highlighted Azerbaijan's role in regional stability and energy security as evidence of its l eadership in global climate efforts. "Our goal is clear: achieve tangible reductions in emissions that benefit both Azerbaijan and the world," Soltanov stated, confident in Azerbaijan's ability to drive impactful climate solutions. As COP29 approaches, it's crucial for everyone to contribute to climate action. Start by reducing your energy use, turning off lights when not needed, and choosing energy-efficient appliances. Consider switching to renewable energy sources like solar power. Practice sustainability by minimizing waste, recycling, and avoiding single-use plastics. Educate others about climate change and engage with local environmental groups. Every action counts in the fight against climate change, and together, we can help protect our planet for future generations. Source: Trend News Agency